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　　氫氧化鉀，也叫苛性鉀，是無機(jī)化合物，具有強(qiáng)堿性及腐蝕性，可使石蕊試液變藍(lán)、酚酞試液變紅。強(qiáng)堿是指在水溶液中電離出的陰離子全部是氫氧根離子的物質(zhì)。強(qiáng)堿與酸反應(yīng)形成鹽和水。氫氧化鉀為白色粉末或片狀固體，化學(xué)式為KOH，熔點(diǎn)380℃，沸點(diǎn)1324℃，極易吸收空氣中水分而潮解，吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸鉀。

Potassium hydroxide, also known as caustic potassium, is an inorganic compound with strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, which can turn litmus test solution blue and phenolphthalein test solution red. Strong base refers to a substance in which all anions ionized in aqueous solution are hydroxide ions. Strong bases react with acids to form salts and water. Potassium hydroxide is a white powder or sheet-like solid with the chemical formula KOH. It has a melting point of 380 ℃ and a boiling point of 1324 ℃. It is highly susceptible to absorbing moisture from the air and deliquescing, absorbing carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate.

　　工業(yè)氫氧化鉀作用及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域如下：

The functions and application fields of industrial potassium hydroxide are as follows:

　　化學(xué)工業(yè)

Chemical industry

　　(1)氫氧化鉀主要用作鉀鹽的原料，如高錳酸鉀、碳酸鉀、鋁酸鉀、月桂酸鹽、甲酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽等。

(1) Potassium hydroxide is mainly used as a raw material for potassium salt production, such as potassium permanganate, potassium carbonate, potassium aluminate, laurate, formate, gluconate, etc.

　　(2)用于調(diào)節(jié)化學(xué)溶液pH值，化學(xué)分析試劑，例如在酸滴定中，幫助確定濃度水平。

(2) Used to adjust the pH value of chemical solutions, chemical analysis reagents, such as in acid titration, to help determine concentration levels.

　　(3)還用于促進(jìn)干燥，可用作干燥劑，以去除堿性溶劑中的水分，尤其是胺類和吡啶類。

(3) It is also used to promote drying and can be used as a desiccant to remove moisture from alkaline solvents, especially amines and pyridines.

　　石化工業(yè)

Petrochemical industry

　　(1)在石油和天然氣的精煉中，氫氧化鉀有助于去除有機(jī)酸和硫化合物。

(1) In the refining of oil and natural gas, potassium hydroxide helps to remove organic acids and sulfur compounds.

　　(2)在從油脂生物柴油時(shí)，起催化劑的作用。

(2) Plays a catalytic role in the production of biodiesel from fats and oils.

　　(3)氣流中的二氧化碳、三氧化硫、三氧化氮在氫氧化鉀的幫助下被吸收。

(3) Carbon dioxide, sulfur trioxide, and nitrogen trioxide in the airflow are absorbed with the help of potassium hydroxide.

　　農(nóng)業(yè)，用于調(diào)節(jié)土壤pH值；用于肥料，為作物提供鉀，特別是那些不能耐受氯離子的作物；用于除草劑和劑。

Agriculture, used to regulate soil pH value; Used for fertilizer production, providing potassium to crops, especially those that cannot tolerate chloride ions; Used as herbicides and fungicides.

　　紡織工業(yè)，用于漂白劑，并大量用作制造人造纖維、聚酯纖維的主要原料。

In the textile industry, it is used as a bleaching agent and is widely used as the main raw material for manufacturing artificial fibers and polyester fibers.

　　染料工業(yè)，用于還原染料，如還原藍(lán)RSN等。

Dye industry, used for producing vat dyes such as vat blue RSN.

　　皮革工業(yè)，氫氧化鉀在去除獸皮上的毛發(fā)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，并存在于皮革鞣制化學(xué)品中。

In the leather industry, potassium hydroxide plays an important role in removing hair from animal hides and is present in leather tanning chemicals.

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